Fiber optic coupler yog ib tug passive ntaus ntawv uas splits, ua ke, los yog kais optical signals ntawm fibers. Cov lus qhia no suav nrog tsib hom kev sib txuas tseem ceeb, rau qhov tsis tseem ceeb los kuaj xyuas ua ntej kev yuav khoom, kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv (FBT vs PLC), thiab tiag tiag -cov lus qhia txog kev xaiv ntiaj teb rau PON, CATV, kev soj ntsuam, thiab cov ntawv thov kev paub.
Yog hais tias koj yog tshiab rau passive optical Cheebtsam, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau confuse couplers, splitters, thiab adapters. Peb lo lus no tuaj tas li, tab sis lawv hais txog ntau yam sib txawv. Fiber optic coupler yog ib tug passive optical ntaus ntawv uas redistributes kho qhov muag lub hwj chim ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj fibers - nws muaj peev xwm phua ib lub teeb liab rau ntau, muab ob peb lub teeb liab mus rau hauv ib tug, los yog coj mus rhaub ib feem me me ntawm lub teeb rau kev soj ntsuam. Afiber ntau optic splitterNws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas, tsom rau kev faib ib qho kev tawm tswv yim rau hauv ntau qhov kev tawm. Afiber ntau optic adapter, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsuas yog ib qho khoom siv sib txuas uas sib dhos ob qhov txuas kawg - mus rau - kawg - nws tsis sib cais lossis muab cov teeb liab kho qhov muag txhua.
Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb vim tias xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm yog ib qho ntawm kev yuav khoom yuam kev hauv cov haujlwm fiber ntau. Couplers tau dav siv hauv PON tes hauj lwm, CATV kev faib tawm, LAN architectures, kev saib xyuas lub network, kev sim ntsuas, thiab kev teeb tsa fiber ntau. Nkag siab seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas thiab nrhiav dab tsi yuav txuag koj ob lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj txiag.
Dab tsi Yog Qhov Fiber Optic Coupler Ua?
Ib lub fiber ntau txuas siv lub zog kho qhov muag los ntawm ib lossis ntau lub tswv yim fibers thiab rov faib nws mus rau ib lossis ntau qhov tso zis fibers raws li qhov piv txwv. Nws tsis ua kom nrov lossis rov tsim dua lub teeb - nws tsuas yog faib lossis sib txuas yam uas twb muaj lawm.
Hauv kev xyaum, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ua haujlwm rau plaub lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: teeb liab splitting (pib ib txoj kev kho qhov muag rau hauv ob lossis ntau dua), teeb liab sib txuas (kev sib koom ua ke ntau txoj hauv kev), teeb liab tapping ( rho tawm ib feem me me ntawm lub teeb rau kev saib xyuas yam tsis cuam tshuam rau txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb), thiab kho qhov muag hluav taws xob faib (xa lub teeb rau ntau qhov kawg hauv lub network).
HauvFTTH thiab PON systems, couplers faib downstream signals los ntawm OLT mus rau kaum ob lossis ntau pua tus neeg rau npe. Hauv CATV headend faib, lawv xa ib qhov chaw rau ntau qhov tau txais. Hauv kev saib xyuas network, kais txuas txuas rub tawm 5-10% ntawm lub teeb liab lub zog rau kev tshuaj xyuas thaum qhov seem 90-95% txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov kawg cov neeg siv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Hauv chav kuaj ib puag ncig - interferometers, OCT systems, fiber ntau gyroscopes - 2 × 2 couplers yog cov qauv tsim.
Lub Fiber Optic Coupler ua haujlwm li cas?
Tsis zoo li ib qho yooj yim connector los yog splice uas hla lub teeb ncaj qha los ntawm, ib tug coupler txhob txwm redirects optical zog ntawm txawv ports. Lub physics qab qhov no nyob ntawm txoj kev tsim, tab sis feem ntau ntsib mechanism nyob rau hauv fused fiber couplers yog evanescent teb coupling.
Evasescent Field Coupling: Lub Ntsiab Cai
Thaum ob lub fibers optical liab qab muab tso rau ntawm ib sab, rhuab, thiab ncab ua ke hauv cov txheej txheem tswj, lawv cov cores tuaj ze txaus uas lawv qhov chaw kho qhov muag sib tshooj. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam tapered coupling no, photons tsis tau tag nrho nyob rau hauv ib tug tub ntxhais. Qee qhov hluav taws xob kho qhov muag "tshuaj" hla mus rau cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau nyob sib ze los ntawm qhov sib tshooj evanescent.
Los ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov ntev ntawm thaj chaw sib txuas thiab qib ntawm kev sib txuas, cov tuam txhab txiav txim siab seb qhov feem pua ntawm lub teeb hloov ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov. Ib cheeb tsam txuas ntev dua feem ntau hloov lub zog ntau dua rau qhov thib ob fiber ntau. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv - 50: 50, 70: 30, 90: 10, thiab lwm yam - tau ua tiav hauv fused biconical taper (FBT) couplers.
Hauv peb qhov kev paub dhau los ua haujlwm nrog FBT cov khoom siv, qhov sib txuas sib txuas kuj yog me ntsis wavelength -sensitive. Lub coupler tuned rau qhov meej 50: 50 phua ntawm 1310 nm yuav qhia qhov sib piv ze rau 45: 55 ntawm 1550 nm, nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim. Qhov no yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov xyuas seb lub coupler puas raug ntsuas rau ib zaug -qhov rai lossis dual- qhov rai ua haujlwm ua ntej xaj.
Vim Li Cas Txhua Tus Coupler Qhia Loss
Thaum koj phua lub teeb liab kho qhov muag, txhua txoj kev tso zis muaj lub zog tsawg dua li cov tswv yim qub. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - nws yog lub hauv paus physics ntawm lub zog faib. Ib qho zoo meej 1 × 2 50: 50 cais yuav ua rau 3.0 dB ntawmpoob poobib qhov chaw nres nkoj tsuas yog faib lub hwj chim hauv ib nrab. Hauv kev xyaum, cov khoom siv tiag tiag ntxiv ntxiv 0.1-0.5 dB ntawm kev poob ntau dhau ntawm qhov theoretical yam tsawg kawg nkaus vim kev tsim khoom tsis zoo, kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau, thiab tawg hauv thaj tsam sib txuas.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas ntawm kev suav nyiaj txiag. Hauv PON network nrog ntau theem sib cais, txhua theem txuas ntxiv ntxiv ob qho kev sib cais thiab poob ntau dhau. Yog tias koj tsis suav rau qhov no kom raug, lub zog kho qhov muag ntawm tus neeg siv khoom kawg yuav poob qis dua qhov kev nkag siab ntawm tus neeg txais, uas ua rau me ntsis yuam kev lossis txuas tsis ua haujlwm.
Hom Fiber Optic Couplers
Couplers tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm lawv qhov chaw nres nkoj teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm. Hauv qab no yog tsib yam tseem ceeb uas koj yuav ntsib, nrog rau thaum twg los siv txhua.
Y Coupler: Tus Qauv 1 × 2 Split
Y-coupler yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau daim ntawv. Nws siv ib qho kev tawm tswv yim thiab muab faib ua ob qhov tso tawm, zoo li tus qauv ntawm tsab ntawv Y. Feem ntau tus qauv Y couplers muab 50: 50 cais piv, ua rau lawv mus - rau kev xaiv rau kev faib cov teeb liab yooj yim thiab yooj yim zog splitting. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si - hom thiab multimode versions, thiab koj yuav pom lawv nyob rau hauv txhua yam los ntawm kev teeb tsa kev sim desktop mus rau thaj chaw - xa cov khoom xa tawm.
Ib qho kev poob qis rau qhov zoo -zoo 1 × 2 Y coupler ntawm 50: 50 phua: kwv yees li 3.2–3.5 dB ib qhov chaw nres nkoj (3.0 dB theoretical splitting poob ntxiv rau 0.2–0.5 dB ntau dhau kev poob).
T Coupler: Tsis sib npaug sib cais rau kais daim ntawv thov
AT coupler ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li Y coupler tab sis tsim los nrog qhov sib piv asymmetric - feem ntau 90:10, 80:20, lossis 70:30. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv yog teeb liab tapping: koj rho tawm ib feem me me ntawm lub hwj chim kho qhov muag rau kev saib xyuas lossis ntsuas thaum khaws cov teeb liab feem ntau ntawm txoj hauv kev loj.
Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub network soj ntsuam scenario, 90: 10 T coupler xa 90% ntawm cov teeb liab mus rau cov neeg siv downstream thiab kais 10% mus rau qhov chaw saib xyuas. Qhov kev poob qis ntawm lub ntsiab (90%) qhov chaw nres nkoj yuav nyob ib puag ncig 0.6-0.8 dB, thaum lub kais dej (10%) chaw nres nkoj pom txog 10.5-11.0 dB. Qhov no siv tau vim tias cov cuab yeej saib xyuas feem ntau tsuas yog xav tau lub zog me me los ua qhov ntsuas.
2 × 2 Coupler (X Coupler): Sib cais thiab sib xyaw
Ib tug 2 × 2 coupler muaj ob lub input ports thiab ob qhov tso zis ports, ua rau nws yog ib tug ntau yam txuj ci coupler hom. Tsis zoo li qhov yooj yim 1 × 2, nws tuaj yeem faib ua ob qho tib si thiab sib txuas cov teeb liab hauv ib qho khoom siv, uas yog vim li cas qee zaum nws yog hu ua X coupler lossis kev coj ua khub.
Hauv kev xyaum, 2 × 2 couplers yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv interferometric sensor systems, kev sib txuas lus bidirectional sib txuas, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov muag qhov twg lub teeb los ntawm ob qhov chaw sib cais yuav tsum tau ua ke los yog qhov chaw teeb liab yuav tsum tau sib cais thiab hla -coupled. Ntau Mach-Zehnder thiab Michelson interferometer configurations nyob ntawm 2 × 2 couplers raws li lawv nruab nrab beam-splitting keeb.
Standard specifications rau ib tug zoo 2 × 2 coupler: insertion poob ntawm 3.2-3.8 dB ib txoj kev ntawm 50:50 phua, directivity zoo dua 55 dB, thiab rov poob ntau dua 55 dB rautib - hom fiber ntaucov qauv.
Lub Hnub Qub Coupler: Ntau -Port Uniform Distribution
Lub hnub qub coupler yog tsim los rau N × N lossis N × M configurations qhov twg lub hom phiaj yog los faib lub hwj chim kho qhov muag kom sib npaug li qhov ua tau ntawm ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj. Nyob rau hauv cov laus LAN architectures thiab tej avionics los yog tub rog fiber networks, lub hnub qub couplers muab ib tug yooj yim txoj kev mus cuag ntau cov nodes yam tsis muaj active switching khoom.
Qhov kev sib tw nrog lub hnub qub couplers yog qhov kev poob qis nrog cov chaw nres nkoj suav. Ib qho 8 × 8 lub hnub qub coupler qhia tsawg kawg 9.0 dB ntawm kev sib faib poob ib qhov chaw nres nkoj (los ntawm kev faib los ntawm 8), ntxiv rau kev poob ntau dhau. Qhov no txwv tsis pub siv rau cov tshuab qhov twg cov peev nyiaj txuas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev, lossis qhov twg muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm cov nodes me me kom tswj tau tag nrho cov kev poob.
Tsob Ntoo Coupler: Cascaded Ib -rau -Ntau Distribution
Ib tsob ntoo txuas ntxiv ua raws li cov ceg ntoo: ib qho chaw nres nkoj nkag mus rau hauv 4, 8, 16, 32, lossis txawm 64 qhov chaw tso zis hauv theem. Qhov no yog lub architecture tom qab lubPLC splitterssiv nyob rau hauv feem ntau niaj hnub FTTH thiab GPON deployments.
Ib tug 1 × 8 ntoo coupler muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus theoretical splitting poob ntawm 9.0 dB; ib 1 × 16 ntxiv tsawg kawg yog 12.0 dB; thiab 1 × 32 qhia 15.0 dB. Nrog kev poob ntau dhau lawm, qhov tiag{10}}ntiaj teb qhov poob qhov tseem ceeb feem ntau yog 10.0–10.8 dB rau 1 × 8, 13.0–13.8 dB rau 1 × 16, thiab 16.0–17.5 dB rau 1 × 32, raws liITU-T G.671kev ua tau zoo cov txheej txheem rau passive optical Cheebtsam.
Daim ntawv qhia txog kev faib tawm: Cov qauv vs. Technology vs. Wavelength Function
Ib qhov chaw tsis meej pem: Y, T, 2 × 2, lub hnub qub, thiab tsob ntoo piav qhia txog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab kev ua haujlwm. FBT thiab PLC piav qhia txog cov cuab yeej tsim khoom siv los tsim cov khoom sib txuas.WDMcouplers yog categorized los ntawm lawv wavelength - xaiv muaj nuj nqi - lawv cais los yog sib txawv wavelengths es tsis splitting tib wavelength.
Cov no yog peb cais axes. Lub 1 × 2 txuas tuaj yeem tsim tau siv FBT lossis PLC thev naus laus zis. Lub WDM txuas yuav lub cev yog 2 × 2 ntaus ntawv. Nkag siab qhov no tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev sib piv cov txiv apples rau txiv kab ntxwv thaum qhia txog cov khoom.
Kev Tsim Kho Tshuab: FBT vs. PLC vs. Micro-Optics
Txoj kev tsim khoom ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo sib xws, qhov loj me, cais suav muaj peev xwm, thiab tus nqi. Nov yog yam koj yuav tsum paub txog txhua txoj hauv kev.
Tom ntej: Fused Biconical Taper (FBT)
FBT yog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws. Ob los yog ntau dua fibers raug stripped, twisted ua ke, rhuab nrog ib tug nplaim taws los yog hluav taws xob rhaub, thiab rub mus txog rau thaum lub coupling cheeb tsam cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txheej txheem no zoo- nkag siab, pheej yig, thiab ua haujlwm zoo heev rau 1 × 2 thiab 2 × 2 configurations.
Qhov twg FBT qhia tau hais tias nws cov kev txwv yog nyob rau ntawm kev sib cais ntau dua. Tsim kom muaj 1 × 8 FBT splitter yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam 1 × 2 theem, uas ua rau poob ntau dhau thiab ua rau kev sib koom ua ke nyuaj los tswj. Rau kev sib faib sib piv saum toj no 1 × 4, cov zis sib xws ntawm FBT cov cuab yeej degrades piv rau PLC lwm txoj hauv kev. FBT couplers kuj zoo li yuav muaj ntau dua wavelength-sensitive, yog li dual{10}}qhov rais kev ua tau zoo (1310/1550 nm) yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau: 1 × 2 thiab 2 × 2 couplers, kais daim ntawv thov, tus nqi - rhiab heev deployments nrog tsawg mus rau nruab nrab cais suav.
Planar Lightwave Circuit Court (PLC)
PLC splitters yog tsim los siv cov txheej txheem semiconductor lithography ntawm silica - ntawm - silicon substrate. Cov qauv waveguide yog etched mus rau hauv nti, muab cov tuam txhab ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib cais geometry.
Qhov tshwm sim yog superior tso zis uniformity nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj, zoo ib yam kev ua tau zoo tshaj ib tug dav wavelength ntau yam (feem ntau 1260-1650 nm), thiab zoo heev scalability mus txog 1 × 64 los yog txawm 1 × 128 nyob rau hauv ib tug compact pob. Kev lag luam tawm - tawm yog tus nqi tsev siab dua piv rau FBT ntawm kev suav qis. Txawm li cas los xij, rauPLC splitters hauv ABS ntimntawm 1 × 8 thiab siab dua, tus nqi ntawm ib qho - chaw nres nkoj feem ntau dhau los ua kev sib tw nrog lossis txawm tias qis dua li cascaded FBT cov kev daws teeb meem.
Raws liTelcordia GR-1209-COREthiab GR-1221-CORE, uas yog cov qauv kev ntseeg siab tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev, PLC cov khoom siv feem ntau ua kom pom kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev ntsuas ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas cov tuam txhab xov tooj loj tshaj plaws qhia PLC thev naus laus zis rau lawv cov GPON thiab XGS-PON xa tawm.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: FTTH/PON nrog rau kev sib cais siab, kev xa tawm yuav tsum muaj kev sib txig sib luag, kev ua haujlwm dav dav dav, thiab ntev - ib puag ncig kev ntseeg tau.
Micro{0}}Optics
Micro- optic couplers siv cov khoom me me tsis sib xws - lo ntsiab muag, prisms, nyias -filters, thiab iav - mounted nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev me me rau redirect lub teeb ntawm fibers. Qhov no muab cov neeg tsim qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov kev cai kho qhov muag, kev lim dej wavelength, thiab kev tswj polarization.
Cov khoom siv no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li WDM txuas, siab - cais kais modules, thiab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas. Lawv feem ntau tsis siv nyob rau hauv siab - ntim nkag mus rau hauv lub network xa tawm vim lawv cov nqi siab dua thiab cov txheej txheem sib dhos nyuaj dua.
Kev sib piv ceev: FBT vs. PLC
| Parameter | FBT | PLC |
|---|---|---|
| Ib txwm cais suav | 1 × 2 mus rau 1 × 4 ( tswv yim) | 1 × 2 rau 1 × 64 (los yog siab dua) |
| Cov zis uniformity (1 × 8) | ± 1.0-1.5 dB | ± 0.5-0.8 dB |
| Ua haujlwm wavelength | Feem ntau ib leeg lossis ob lub qhov rais | Broadband 1260-1650 nm |
| Kev poob ntau (1 × 8) | 1.0-2.0 dB feem ntau | 0.6-1.2 dB feem ntau |
| Unit nqi (tsawg split) | qis | Siab dua |
| Unit nqi (High split) | Siab dua (cascaded theem) | Kev sib tw lossis qis dua |
| Kub stability | Zoo | Zoo dua |
| Qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj siab suav | Loj dua | Compact |
Rau qhov tseem ceeb tsis zoo los xyuas ua ntej xaiv ib coupler
Xaiv cov fiber ntau txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj suav thiab tus nqi ib leeg yog ib daim ntawv qhia rau cov teeb meem hauv cheeb tsam. Nov yog rau qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas txiav txim siab seb tus khub yuav ua haujlwm hauv koj lub cev.
1. Insertion poob
Insertion poobyog tag nrho optical fais fab poob ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj input thiab ib qho chaw tso zis tshwj xeeb. Nws suav nrog ob qho tib si qhov kev sib cais tsis sib xws (uas yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem zam tau - physics dictates tias splitting zog txo ib -chaw nres nkoj tso zis) thiab qhov poob ntau dhau los ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Rau kev npaj nyiaj txiag txuas, qhov kev poob qis yog tus lej uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Rau kev siv, ntawm no yog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv sib xws:
| Split Configuration | Theoretical Splitting Loss | Tag Nrho Tag Nrho Insertion Loss (PLC) |
|---|---|---|
| 1×2 | 3.0dB ua | 3.2-3.8 dB |
| 1×4 | 6.0dB ib | 6.5-7.5 dB |
| 1×8 | 9.0db ua | 10.0-10.8 dB |
| 1×16 | 12.0 dB | 13.0–13.8 dB |
| 1×32 | 15.0 dB | 16.0–17.5 dB |
| 1×64 | 18.0 dB | 19.0–21.0 dB |
Yog tias tus neeg muag khoom hais txog qhov poob cov nuj nqis zoo dua li cov kab no, nug cov ntaub ntawv xeem. Cov lej uas zoo dhau ntawm daim ntawv feem ntau yog los ntawm cherry -cov qauv xaiv ntau dua li qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom.
2. Ntau dhau lawm
Kev poob ntau cais tsuas yog qhov poob ntxiv tshaj qhov theoretical splitting yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Nws yog xam los ntawm kev sib piv tag nrho cov input zog rau cov sum ntawm tag nrho cov zis powers. Hauv qhov dej- ua 1 × 8 PLC splitter, qhov poob ntau dhau yog feem ntau 0.6–1.2 dB. Hauv ib qho FBT-raws li 1 × 8, nws tuaj yeem yog 1.0–2.0 dB lossis siab dua vim tias tsis muaj theem tsis zoo.
Kev poob ntau yog qhov qhia tau zoo. Yog tias ob tus neeg muag khoom muab tib qhov sib cais tab sis ib qho qhia tau hais tias qhov kev poob qis dua, uas feem ntau yog taw qhia kom txo qis kev tsim khoom lossis cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.
3. Split Ratio (Coupling Ratio)
Qhov sib cais qhia koj tias lub zog kho qhov muag tau muab faib li cas ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj tso zis. Feem ntau suav nrog 50: 50 rau kev faib khoom sib npaug, 90: 10 lossis 80: 20 rau kev saib xyuas cov kais dej, thiab 70: 30 rau kev qhia tshwj xeeb.
Ib qho kev nthuav dav uas ntau tus neeg yuav khoom tau saib dhau: qhov sib faib tau teev tseg yog teev nyob rau ntawm ib qho wavelength. Ib qho kev ntsuas ntsuas 50: 50 ntawm 1310 nm tuaj yeem xa 48: 52 lossis 45: 55 ntawm 1550 nm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv FBT. Yog tias koj lub kaw lus khiav dual wavelength, xyuas kom meej qhov piv txwv npog ob lub qhov rais.
4. Rov Los Loss thiab Directivity
Rov qab poob ntsuas ntau npaum li cas lub teeb rov qab mus rau qhov chaw. Directivity ntsuas zoo npaum li cas lub coupler tiv thaiv lub teeb los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm chaw nres nkoj. Hauv feem ntau cov qauv kev sib txuas lus sib txuas, kev poob rov qab yog ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 55 dB thiab kev coj ncaj qha yog Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 55 dB rau ib zaug - hom khoom siv.
Cov kev ntsuas no dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuab bidirectional, kev teeb tsa kev sib koom ua ke, thiab cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov tseeb. Kev poob rov qab tsis zoo ua rau muaj qhov tsis ruaj khov (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv DFB lasers), thiab kev coj tsis zoo qhia txog kev sib tham. Rau chav kuaj- cov ntawv thov qib, nrhiav kev rov qab poob ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60 dB.
5. Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL)
PDL ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov poob qis raws li lub xeev polarization ntawm cov teeb pom kev hloov pauv. Hauv cov txheej txheem nkag mus rau hauv lub network txuas, PDL feem ntau yog 0.1-0.3 dB thiab tsis tshua muaj teeb meem tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag sib txuas, kev paub txog fiber ntau (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fiber ntau Bragg grating interrogators thiab faib sensing), thiab kev ntsuas ntsuas qhov tseeb, PDL yuav tsum tau khaws cia qis dua 0.1 dB kom tsis txhob qhia qhov ntsuas tsis meej.
Yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub tshuab ntsuas qhov ntsuas lossis ua haujlwm nrog polarization- cov cuab yeej ntsuas siab, PDL yuav tsum nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv teev npe tshwj xeeb - tsis raug kho raws li kev xav tom qab.
6. Kev khiav hauj lwm wavelength thiab Bandwidth
Lub coupler tsim rau 1310 nm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsis tas ua kom raug ntawm 1550 nm, thiab rov ua dua. Broadband couplers (feem ntau yog ntsuas rau 1260–1650 nm) npog tag nrho ib zaug -mode telecom window tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj qhov poob qis dua me ntsis dua li ib zaug - lub qhov rais cov khoom siv tau zoo rau ib lub wavelength.
Rau PON cov tshuab nqa ob qho tib si 1310 nm sab sauv thiab 1490/1550 nm qis qis, koj xav tau ib qho kev ntsuas ntsuas rau kev ua haujlwm puv. Rau cov ntsiab lus yooj yim -rau- taw tes txuas ntawm ib lub wavelength, ib qho -window coupler yuav muab kev ua tau zoo me ntsis thiab tus nqi qis dua.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Fiber Optic Coupler los ntawm Daim Ntawv Thov
FTTH thiab PON Deployments
Hauv FTTH thiab GPON/XGS-PON, cov kev xav tau tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj peev xwm sib cais siab (1 × 16, 1 × 32, lossis 1 × 64), muaj zog tso zis sib xws thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj, kev ua haujlwm dav dav npog 1260–1650 nm, thiab kev ua haujlwm txhim khu kev qha thoob plaws qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau yog {{-10} degree}) rau kev teeb tsa sab nraud.
PLC thev naus laus zis yog qhov kev xaiv meej ntawm no. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, qhov dav wavelength ntau yam, thiab daim ntawv cog lus rau kev sib cais siab ua rau PLC tus qauv hauv txhua qhov kev xa tawm PON niaj hnub no. Cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau qhiaLGX-boxlos yogcassette-packed PLC splittersrau khib-mounted installations, thiabfiber ntau faib lub thawvnrog ua -hauv splitters rau sab nraum zoov ncej lossis phab ntsa-mount scenarios.
CATV Distribution
CATV optical faib tes hauj lwm xav kom tsis tshua muaj qhov poob (vim tias lub teeb liab dhau los ntawm ntau theem sib cais ntawm lub taub hau thiab cov neeg siv), kev ua tau zoo ntawm 1550 nm (tus qauv CATV downstream wavelength), thiab scalable tis architecture.
Hauv CATV, txawm tias 0.5 dB ntawm qhov poob ntxiv ntawm qhov sib cais tuaj yeem ua rau tus cab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau tus cab kuj- rau - suab nrov piv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom kawg. Qhov no ua rau poob ntau dhau qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los sib piv ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Rau kev faib cov pob txha caj qaum, PLC splitters nrog kev ntsuas broadband yog nyiam. Rau cov ntsiab lus kais hauv zos nrog tsuas yog 2-4 qhov tso tawm, FBT txuas txuas tseem raug nqi - zoo.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Network thiab Saib Xyuas
Rau kev saib xyuas lub network nyob, lub hom phiaj yog kom tshem tawm lub zog kho qhov muag txaus rau kev ntsuas yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam rau qhov kev pabcuam txuas. A 90:10 lossis 95:5 T coupler yog cov qauv kev daws teeb meem - txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb pom tsuas yog 0.5–0.7 dB ntawm kev poob ntawm tus kais, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov npoo ntawm feem ntau cov peev nyiaj txuas.
Thaum xaiv ib tus kais txuas rau kev saib xyuas, xyuam xim rau kev coj ncaj ncees thiab rov qab poob. Nyob rau hauv bidirectional PON kev sib txuas, kev coj tsis zoo hauv cov kais dej tuaj yeem qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov dej ntws. Kuj xyuas kom meej tias tus kais txuas txuasconnector homphim koj cov cuab yeej saib xyuas - SC/APC thiabLC connectorsyog cov feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas niaj hnub no.
Laboratory, Sensing, thiab Precision Optical Systems
Hauv chav kuaj ib puag ncig - interferometers, OCT systems, fiber ntau gyroscopes, faib fiber ntau sensing - cov kev xav tau mus zoo tshaj qhov yooj yim splitting. Engineers feem ntau xav tau 2 × 2 functionality, broadband los yog wavelength - pav ca kev ua tau zoo, qis tshaj poob (hauv qab 0.5 dB), siab ncaj qha (Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 60 dB), thiab PDL qis (hauv qab 0.1 dB).
Rau cov ntawv thov no, lub coupler tsis yog lub zog faib hluav taws xob nkaus xwb - nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kho qhov muag uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ntsuas qhov tseeb. Kev siv nyiaj ntau dua ntawm qhov tseeb-qib coupler ntawm no yuav luag ib txwm raug tsim nyog, vim tias tus nqi ntawm tus khub yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb piv rau tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis txaus ntseeg.
Common Selection yuam kev kom zam
Tsis quav ntsej wavelength compatibility.Qhov no yog ib qho yuam kev tshaj plaws uas peb pom. Tus neeg yuav khoom xaiv tus khub raws li qhov sib faib thiab tus nqi, tsuas yog nrhiav tau hauv thaj teb uas nws tau tsim los rau 1310 nm ib zaug - qhov rai ua haujlwm thaum lub kaw lus khiav ntawm 1550 nm. Qhov tshwm sim: qhov sib cais sib hloov pauv, qhov tso tawm poob nce, thiab qhov txuas tsis ua haujlwm lossis ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj paj. Nco ntsoov xyuas lub qhov rais ua haujlwm wavelength.
Txheeb xyuas qhov sib faib piv tab sis tsis ntxig qhov poob.Lub coupler uas sau tias "50:50" qhia koj txog kev faib hluav taws xob, tab sis lub zog siv tau tiag tiag nyob ntawm qhov poob. Ob lub 50: 50 couplers los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo uas txawv ntawm 1 dB lossis ntau dua, uas txhais tau tias qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov kab ke.
Tsis meej pem couplers, splitters, thiab adapters.Qhov no ua rau kom xaj cov khoom tsis raug nkaus. Afiber ntau optic adapteryuav tsis faib koj lub teeb liab. Lub coupler yuav tsis tsuas yog koom nrog ob lub connector kawg. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov haujlwm uas koj xav tau.
Overlooking connector thiab ntim yuav tsum.Ib tug liab qab fiber ntau pigtail coupler ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum hauv chav kuaj tab sis tsis tsim nyog rau thaj chaw - xa mussplic kawlos yog faib txee. Paub meej tias covconnector hom, pob daim ntawv foos, kev ua haujlwm kub ntau, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo sib xws rau koj qhov chaw xa tawm. Ib qho kev ntsuas rau kev siv sab hauv tsev ntawm 0-50℃yuav tsis muaj sia nyob hauv lub txee sab nraum zoov uas pom −30℃lub caij ntuj no.
Kev sib xyaw ib qho -mode thiab multimode Cheebtsam. Tib - hom fiber ntaumuaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm kwv yees li 9 µm, thaummultimode fiber ntaucores muaj li ntawm 50 mus rau 62.5 µm. Lub hom teb mismatch ua rau lawv fundamentally incompatible nyob rau hauv ib tug coupler. Kev siv ib zaug xwb -mode coupler ntawm multimode fiber (los yog vice versa) yuav ua rau muaj kev poob loj ntxiv thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem. Ib txwm phim lub coupler hom fiber ntau rau koj lub network fiber ntau.
Cov lus nug nquag
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm 1 × 2 coupler thiab 2 × 2 coupler?
A 1 × 2 coupler muaj ib qho kev tawm tswv yim thiab ob qhov tawm - nws faib lub teeb rau hauv ib qho kev coj. Lub 2 × 2 coupler muaj ob lub tswv yim thiab ob qhov kev tso tawm, tso cai rau nws mus rau ob qho tib si sib cais thiab sib txuas cov teeb liab kho qhov muag. Qhov no ua rau 2 × 2 couplers tsim nyog rau cov tshuab interferometric, kev sib txuas bidirectional, thiab cov ntawv thov uas lub hwj chim kho qhov muag yuav tsum tau rov faib dua ntawm ob txoj hauv kev ib txhij. Yog tias koj tsuas xav tau ib qho yooj yim -rau- ob qhov sib cais, 1 × 2 yog txaus thiab tsis tshua kim.
Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum xaiv FBT tshaj PLC, thiab rov ua dua?
Xaiv FBT thaum koj xav tau 1 × 2 lossis 2 × 2 couplers, thaum tus nqi yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb, thiab thaum koj ua haujlwm nrog cov suav tsis tshua muaj (txog 1 × 4). Xaiv PLC thaum koj xav tau kev sib cais siab (1 × 8 thiab siab dua), cov khoom tsim tawm muaj zog sib xws, kev pabcuam dav dav dav dav, lossis thaum siv rau hauv ib puag ncig uas xav tau ntev - lub sijhawm ruaj khov. Rau feem ntau FTTH thiab PON tej yaam num, PLC tau dhau los ua tus qauv de facto.
Vim li cas optical fais fab poob qis heev tom qab sib cais?
Vim hais tias ib tug coupler faib cov uas twb muaj lawm optical zog - nws tsis tsim tshiab photons. Thaum koj faib lub teeb liab rau hauv ob txoj kev sib npaug, txhua txoj kev tau txais ib nrab ntawm lub zog, uas sib haum mus rau 3.0 dB txo. Muab faib ua plaub txoj hauv kev thiab txhua qhov pom qhov txo qis 6.0 dB. Faib rau hauv 32 txoj kev thiab txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj yog 15.0 dB hauv qab cov tswv yim. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm qhov theoretical yam tsawg kawg nkaus, txhua yam khoom siv tiag tiag ntxiv qee qhov kev poob ntau dhau los ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis zoo. Qhov no yog vim li cas txuas kev suav nyiaj txiag yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej xaiv qhov sib cais.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv ib qho -hom coupler nrog multimode fiber?
Tsis yog. Cov tub ntxhais loj qhov sib txawv ntawmtib - hom(9 µm) thiab multimode (50 lossis 62.5 µm) fiber ntau txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem sib txuas yuav tsis ua haujlwm raws li tsim. Lub teeb yuav ploj ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis sib xws ntawm qhov chaw, qhov sib faib sib faib yuav tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees, thiab tag nrho qhov poob yuav siab dua li qhov teev tseg. Ib txwm phim hom coupler rau koj cov khoom siv fiber ntau.
Cov qauv twg siv rau fiber ntau optic couplers?
Cov qauv siv feem ntau yogIEC 61753: UaIEC 61755 (cov qauv kev ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev hauv cov tshuab fiber ntau), IEC 61755 (fiber optic connector optical interfaces), Telcordia GR-1209-CORE (cov kev cai dav dav rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev), thiab Telcordia GR-1221-CORE (kev ntseeg ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev). Rau WDM txuas tshwj xeeb,ITU-T G.671npog cov yam ntxwv kis tau tus mob ntawm optical Cheebtsam thiab subsystems. Thaum soj ntsuam cov neeg muag khoom, nug seb lawv cov khoom puas raug kuaj raws li cov qauv no.
Xaus
Fiber optic coupler yog ib qho tseem ceeb passive tivthaiv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kho qhov muag network - tsis yog ib qho khoom siv tom qab. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom faib GPON cov cim rau 64 tus neeg siv khoom, tapping 5% ntawm qhov txuas nyob rau kev saib xyuas, sib txuas cov teeb liab hauv chav kuaj interferometer, lossis lub zog siv hluav taws xob hauv CATV faib ntoo, cov khoom sib txuas uas koj xaiv ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau koj qhov kev ua tau zoo, cov paj, thiab kev ntseeg siab.
Txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog ncaj nraim: pib los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas koj daim ntawv thov, tom qab ntawd xaiv qhov chaw nres nkoj teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm uas koj xav tau (Y, T, 2 × 2, ntoo, lossis hnub qub), xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog tsim nyog (FBT rau kev yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis ntawm kev sib cais me me, PLC rau kev sib xws thiab kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm kev sib faib siab), thiab thaum kawg xyuas kom meej tias rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev poob qis, - directivity, PDL, thiab kev khiav hauj lwm wavelength - tag nrho raws li koj qhov system specifications. Ua li ntawd, thiab kev xaiv khub ua ke dhau los ua qhov kev txiav txim siab engineering es tsis yog kev twv ua si.
Yog tias koj muaj lus nug tshwj xeeb txog kev xaiv txoj cai splitter lossis coupler rau koj qhov project, thov hu rau dawbtiv tauj peb pab pawg engineeringrau kev qhia.
