Lub passive optical TAP (traffic access point) yog ib qho khoom siv tsis muaj zog, inline hardware uas faib lub teeb rau ntawm qhov txuas fiber ntau kom xa cov ntawv luam ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb mus rau cov cuab yeej saib xyuas. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tsis muaj kev teeb tsa, thiab tsis muaj firmware. Vim tias nws ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev txheej los ntawm kev faib cov photons, nws tsis tuaj yeem tso cov pob ntawv, ntxiv latency, lossis dhau los ua qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm txoj kev hloov lossis lub zog siv tau.
Yuav ua li cas Passive Optical TAP Ua Haujlwm
Nyob rau hauv lub cuab yeej, ib qho optical splitter faib lub teeb tuaj rau hauv ob txoj hauv kev. Ntawm tus qauv duplex fiber ntau txuas, txhua qhov kev taw qhia (TX thiab RX) yog sib cais ntawm nws tus kheej, ua ob qhov kev saib xyuas tawm - ib qho kev taw qhia - yog li cov cuab yeej saib xyuas pom tag nrho cov kev sib tham bidirectional.
Qhov no yog lub cev - txheej txheem txheej txheem. Lub TAP tsis tuaj yeem, txheeb xyuas, hloov kho, lossis rov xa cov ntaub ntawv rov qab. Nws tsuas faib lub teeb. Cov chaw nres nkoj saib yog optically cais tawm ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj network, tsim ib qho - txoj kev cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm tias muaj kev cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej saib xyuas tsis tuaj yeem txhaj cov tsheb khiav lossis ua yuam kev rov qab rau hauv qhov txuas ntau lawm.
Insertion Poob: Qhov Core Tradeoff
Splitting lub teeb txo cov teeb liab lub zog ntawm txoj kev tsim khoom. Qhov kev txo qis no yog hu ua insertion poob. Ntawm qhov chaw luv luv cov ntaub ntawv txuas nrog ntau cov npoo kho qhov muag, 50/50 cais feem ntau ua rau tsis muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau ib zaug ntev dua - hom kev khiav haujlwm twb tau ua haujlwm ze ntawm tus neeg txais kev nkag siab qhov pib, txawm tias 70/30 cais yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas. Kev xam cov nyiaj siv kho qhov muag ua ntej kev teeb tsa - tsis yog tom qab - tiv thaiv qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntau lub lis piam lossis hli tom qab raws li hnub nyoog transceivers.
Passive Optical TAP vs. Active TAP vs. SPAN Chaw nres nkoj
| Passive Optical TAP | Active TAP | SPAN Chaw nres nkoj | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Xav tau lub zog | Tsis muaj | Yog lawm | Tsis yog (siv lub zog hloov) |
| Ua tsis tiav hom | Lub teeb hla dhau; link nyob twj ywm | Txuas yuav poob luv luv ntawm lub zog poob (nyob ntawm tus qauv bypass) | Daim iav ntu nres ntawm kev hloov pauv dhau los lossis rov pib dua |
| Kev ua kom tiav | 100%, suav nrog kev ua yuam kev | 100% nrog cov teeb liab rov tsim dua | Tej zaum yuav poob pob ntawv hauv qab load; feem ntau lim cov thav duab yuam kev |
| Latency ntxiv | Tsis muaj | Microseconds (kev ua haujlwm) | Tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, tab sis tuaj yeem thauj khoom hloov CPU |
| Kev ruaj ntseg nto | Tsis muaj - tsis muaj IP, tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev sib txuas | Nws muaj firmware thiab tswj interface | Configured los ntawm kev hloov CLI/GUI |
| Zoo tshaj plaws | Kev soj ntsuam fiber ntau txuas ntxiv qhov kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb | Tight optical pob nyiaj siv los yog kev sib txuas uas xav tau kev tsim kho teeb liab | Kev daws teeb meem ib ntus lossis txuas yam tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau TAP lub cev |
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws SPAN txwv: mirroring yog qhov tsawg - muaj nuj nqi tseem ceeb ntawm cov keyboards feem ntau. Nyob rau hauv hnyav load, qhov hloov pauv tee mirrored pob ntawv ntsiag to, tsim qhov muag tsis pom kev nyob rau hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas raws nraim lub sij hawm thaum tag nrho capture tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Hom Passive Optical TAPs
Los ntawm Fiber Hom
- Tib - hom (OS2)- rau qhov ntev - qhov txuas txuas (txog kaum mais). Siv 1310nm lossis 1550nm wavelengths. Sib faib piv ntawm 70/30 los yog 80/20 yog ib txwm khaws cia nruj optical pob nyiaj siv.
- Multimode (OM3 / OM4 / OM5)- rau cov ntaub ntawv luv luv khiav (txog ~ 550 m) ntawm 850 nm. Ib qho 50/50 phua feem ntau ua tau vim qhov dav dav ntawm qhov muag pom.
Los ntawm Connector Hom
- LC- tus qauv rau 1G thiab 10G duplex txuas. Qhov chaw nres nkoj siab tshaj plaws hauv khib-mount chassis.
- MPO/MTP- xav tau rau 40G SR4, 100G SR4, thiab 400G SR8 parallel optics. Txhawb kev sib cais kev teeb tsa los saib xyuas tus kheej txoj kab.
- SC- laus dua, hom loj dua tseem pom nyob hauv qee qhov chaw qub qub.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Txoj Cai Passive Optical TAP
1. Sib phim hom Fiber thiab txuas
Ib qho -hom TAP thiab multimode TAP yog cov khoom sib txawv - lawv tsis hloov pauv tau. Lub connector (LC, SC, MPO / MTP) kuj yuav tsum phim koj qhov txuas. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb yuav tsum muaj cov adapters uas ntxiv qhov tsis tsim nyog qhov kev poob.
2. Xaiv qhov sib faib piv
| Split Ratio | Txoj kev tsim khoom | Saib xyuas Txoj Kev | Hom kev siv |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50/50 | 50% | 50% | Cov ntaub ntawv luv luv txuas nrog cov paj zoo nkauj; 40G + txuas qhov twg cov cuab yeej saib xyuas xav tau cov teeb liab muaj zog |
| 70/30 | 70% | 30% | 1G/10G txuas rau nruab nrab- khiav deb; feem ntau general-lub hom phiaj piv |
| 80/20 los yog 90/10 | 80–90% | 10–20% | Ntev ib zaug - hom txuas nrog cov peev nyiaj txwv; Cov cuab yeej saib xyuas yuav tsum muaj tus txais kev nkag siab |
3. Xam cov nyiaj Optical Link Budget
Cov kauj ruam no tiv thaiv kev xa tawm tsis ua haujlwm feem ntau. Ua ntej yuav khoom:
- Saib cov transmitter qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso zis hwj chim thiab lub receiver rhiab heev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv transceiver.
- Xam tag nrho fiber ntau attenuation (qhov deb × poob ib km). Kev siv tus nqi: ~ 3.5 dB / km rau OM4 multimode ntawm 850 nm; ~ 0.4 dB/km rau ib zaug -hom ntawm 1310 nm.
- Ntxiv cov khoom sib txuas (~ 0.2-0.5 dB ib khub niam txiv rau cov khoom sib txuas zoo).
- Ntxiv rau TAP qhov kev poob qis rau qhov kev xaiv cais.
- suav nrog yam tsawg kawg 3 dB ntawm cov kab ke rau kev laus, kev kho, thiab kev hloov pauv kub.
- Paub meej tias qhov poob tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub transceiver lub hwj chim pob nyiaj siv.
Kuj xyuas kom meej tias cov cuab yeej saib xyuas lub receiver yog rhiab txaus los ua haujlwm nrog lub zog txo ntawm TAP qhov chaw nres nkoj saib.
4. Zam tej yam yuam kev no
- Hla kev suav nyiaj txiag- TAP uas dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas lub rooj zaum tseem tuaj yeem ua rau CRC yuam kev ntawm qhov txuas ntau lawm nrog cov npoo nyias.
- Xaiv qhov sib faib piv rau sab saib nkaus xwb- 50/50 phua muab lub zog saib xyuas lub teeb liab, tab sis yog tias qhov sib txuas ntau lawm yog nruj, nws tuaj yeem thawb txoj kev nyob hauv qab nws qhov kev ntseeg siab.
- Tsis nco qab connector thiab thaj vaj huam sib luag poob- txhua khub niam txiv ntxiv poob. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav patched, cov no accumulates.
- Piv txwv tias tag nrho cov TAP passive yog sib npaug- ob lub TAPs nrog tib qhov sib cais tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. Xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum siv Passive Optical TAP
- Koj xav tau kev txuas mus ntxiv, ib txwm - ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau nrog cov npoo kom zoo.
- Kev ua kom tiav tsheb yog qhov tseem ceeb - IDS, forensic capture, ua raws li kev txiav txim.
- Koj xav saib xyuas decoupled los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov cov peev txheej.
- Koj xav tau xoom fais fab kev vam khom thiab tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov chaw.
- Cov txheej txheem ua raws (NERC CIP, PCI DSS, IEC 62443, HIPAA) yuav tsum muaj kev sib cais ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev tsim khoom tsim khoom.
Thaum Passive Optical TAP tsis yog qhov haum
- Tight optical pob nyiaj siv- yog tias qhov txuas twb nyob ze ntawm tus neeg txais kev xav, kev sib cais ntxiv yuav ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev. Siv lub TAP nquag nrog cov teeb liab rov tsim dua.
- Tooj txuas- passive optical TAPs ua haujlwm ntawm fiber ntau. Kev saib xyuas tooj liab xav tau tooj liab TAP lossis SPAN chaw nres nkoj.
- Kev tswj tsheb yuav tsum tau ua- filtering, aggregation, deduplication, or protocol conversion yuav tsum tau ib pob ntawv broker los yog active TAP downstream.
- Kev daws teeb meem ib ntus- kev sib ntsib SPAN sai dua rau kev teeb tsa thaum koj tsuas yog xav tau nrawm nrawm ntawm qhov qis - qhov tseem ceeb txuas.
Cov lus nug nquag
Puas yog passive optical TAP xav tau lub zog?
Tsis yog. Nws ua haujlwm tag nrho los ntawm kev sib cais kho qhov muag uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob ua haujlwm.
Nws puas txhawb kev tsheb khiav bidirectional?
Yog lawm. Txhua qhov kev taw qhia ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas duplex yog sib cais ntawm nws tus kheej, ua ob qhov kev saib xyuas tawm.
Nws puas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim khoom?
Nws qhia txog kev poob qis (txo lub teeb liab lub zog), tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem txhaj cov tsheb khiav lossis yuam kev. Kev npaj nyiaj txiag tsim nyog kho qhov muag kom ntseeg tau tias qhov sib txuas ntau lawm nyob zoo.
Puas yog passive TAP zoo dua li SPAN chaw nres nkoj?
Rau kev saib xyuas tas mus li qhov twg kev ua tiav tsheb tseem ceeb - yog. Lub TAP passive ntes 100% ntawm kev khiav tsheb nrog rau kev ua yuam kev thav duab thiab tsis txhob tso cov pob ntawv hauv qab. Ib qho chaw nres nkoj SPAN yooj yim dua los teeb tsa yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev, tab sis nws ntsiag to tso cov pob ntawv tsom iav thaum qhov hloov pauv tsis khoom.
Kuv yuav xaiv li cas ntawm 50/50 thiab 70/30?
Pib los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Cov ntaub ntawv luv luv txuas nrog siab - fais fab transceivers feem ntau tuaj yeem ua 50/50. Kev khiav hauj lwm ntev dua lossis kev siv nyiaj nruj dua hu rau 70/30 lossis siab dua. Nco ntsoov xyuas ob qho tib si cov khoom txais thiab cov cuab yeej saib xyuas lub receiver yuav muaj teeb liab txaus.
Cov neeg tawm tsam tuaj yeem ntes tus TAP passive?
Tsis yog. Nws tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob IP, tsis muaj MAC chaw nyob, thiab tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev sib txuas. Nws pom tsis tau rau txhua lub network -raws li scanning.
Passive TAPs kav ntev npaum li cas?
Lawv tsis muaj cov khoom uas degrade nrog kev siv. Kev xa tawm feem ntau khiav 10-20 xyoo. Tsuas yog kev saib xyuas yog qee zaus fiber ntau txuas tu.
