Optical Splitter Poob: Xaiv 1x8, 1x16 lossis 1x32

Split ratio thiab insertion poob yog ob qhov kev txiav txim siab seb PON lossis FTTH txuas puas yuav dhau qhov kev lees paub. Xaiv qhov sib faib tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab lub hwj chim kho qhov muag ntawm ONT tee hauv qab tus neeg txais kev xav. Kev poob qis qis thiab qhov txuas yuav ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj tab sis ua tsis tiav tom qab ob peb lub voj voog sib txuas sib txuas, fusion splice kho, lossis peb xyoos ntawm kev laus fiber ntau.

Phau ntawv qhia no yog sau rau engineers thiab procurement teams uas yuav tsum tau loj ib tug splitter tiv thaiv lub hwj chim tiag tiag pob nyiaj siv. Nws piav qhia txog qhov sib faib piv txhais li cas, qhov kev poob qis npaum li cas tau teev tseg rau ntawm daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv, yuav ua li cas xam qhov poob rau 1x8, 1x16, thiab 1x32 splitters, thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv ntawm lawv nrog cov ntawv txiav txim siab thiab ua haujlwm GPON piv txwv nyiaj txiag.

Optical splitter in a PON network

Dab tsi yog Optical Splitter?

Ib qho optical splitter yog ib qho kev tivthaiv passive uas siv ib lub tswv yim kho qhov muag thiab faib nws hla ntau cov zis fibers. Nws yog bidirectional, yuav tsum tsis muaj hluav taws xob fais fab, thiab yog wavelength -pob tshab nyob rau hauv nws cov kev khiav hauj lwm band (feem ntau 1260–1650 nm rau PON- qib PLC li).

Hauv Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON), ib qho OLT PON chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txog li 64 ONTs los ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm kev sib cais, thiab XGS-PON txuas ntxiv qhov no mus rau 128 qhov laj thawj ONUs ib qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv qabITU-T G.9807.1. Lub splitter yog dab tsi ua rau qhov taw tes - mus rau -multipoint architecture kev lag luam, vim ntau pua tus neeg siv khoom sib koom ib leeg feeder fiber ntau thiab ib qho OLT transceiver.

Ob tug splitter technologies dominate lub khw:

PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit Court) splitterssiv silica waveguide nti. Lawv xa cov khoom sib cais los ntawm 1x2 mus txog 1x64, ua haujlwm thoob plaws 1260-1650 nm band, thiab yog qhov kev xaiv ua ntej rau FTTH nkag mus rau hauv tes hauj lwm.PLC splittersmuaj nyob rau hauv liab qab fiber ntau, blockless, ABS box, LGX, thiab cassette ntim.
FBT (Fused Biconical Taper) splittersyog tsim los ntawm fusing thiab tapering ob fibers ua ke. Lawv yog tus nqi- siv tau rau 1x2 thiab 1x4 daim ntawv thov thiab tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv ua tau zoo thaum muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug (90:10, 80:20, thiab lwm yam) xav tau.

Split Ratio txhais li cas?

Qhov sib faib piv piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov tswv yim kho qhov muag lub zog raug faib thoob plaws qhov chaw tso zis ntawm lub splitter. Nws tsis piav txog ntau npaum li cas lub zog poob - uas yog qhov poob, uas yog qhov cuam tshuam tab sis cais qhov ntsuas.

Equal optical splitter ratios

Sib npaug sib npaug

Ib tug sib npaug splitter faib cov input zog sib npaug. Qhov theoretical qhia txhua qhov tso zis tau txais tsuas yog 1 faib los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov zis:

1x2 - 50% rau qhov chaw nres nkoj
1x4 - 25% rau qhov chaw nres nkoj
1x8 - 12.5% rau qhov chaw nres nkoj
1x16 - 6.25% rau qhov chaw nres nkoj
1x32 - 3.125% rau qhov chaw nres nkoj
1x64 - 1.5625% rau qhov chaw nres nkoj

Kev sib npaug sib npaug yog tus qauv rau FTTH vim tias lawv ua rau cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam rau txhua tus neeg siv ntawm tib lub splitter, uas yooj yim rau kev tsim, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev txhais OTDR.

Kev sib cais tsis sib xws

Ib qho kev sib cais tsis sib xws xa cov feem pua ntawm lub zog cia rau ib ceg thiab cov seem hauv lwm qhov. Feem ntau yog 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, thiab 50:50.

Daim ntawv thov classic yog kais architecture raws lub feeder fiber ntau: txhua tus kais dej poob qis feem pua ntawm cov khoom xa tawm hauv zos thaum lub zog loj txuas ntxiv hauv lub cev. Piv txwv li, 10: 90 kais poob txog 10.5 dB ntawm 10% chaw nres nkoj thiab tsuas yog li 0.5 dB ntawm 90% chaw nres nkoj (tsis suav qhov poob ntau). Qhov no cia tus neeg teb xov tooj tso ob peb lub kais dej hauv koob yam tsis tas siv nyiaj rau thawj qhov poob.

Dab tsi yog Optical Splitter Insertion Poob?

Insertion poob yog tag nrho cov optical zog poob ntawm cov tswv yim thiab ib qho chaw tso zis, ntsuas hauv decibels. Ntawm daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav pom ob tus lej ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj: tus nqi raug thiab tus nqi siab tshaj plaws. Ib txwm tsim tawm tsam covqhov siab tshaj qhov teev qhov poob, yeej tsis qhov raug los yog qhov zoo tagnrho phua poob. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ntsuas ntsuas, tab sis kev lees paub thiab kev sib txuas cov peev nyiaj xav tau qhov phem tshaj plaws - tus lej.

Insertion poob muaj ob yam:

Splitting poob- qhov kev poob tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev faib hluav taws xob hla N tawm. Sib npaug 10 × log₁₀(N) rau qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
Tshaj poob- qhov poob ntxiv los ntawm waveguide imperfections, coupler geometry, cov khoom haum, thiab connector tolerances. Rau qhov zoo PLC splitter qhov no feem ntau yog 0.3-1.5 dB nyob ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj suav thiab ntim.

Ob qho lwm yam tsis tshwm sim ntawm tib daim ntawv teev lus thiab teeb meem rau kev tsim:

Kev tsis sib xws- qhov siab tshaj plaws sib kis ntawm qhov chaw tso zis zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov phem tshaj plaws. Ib qho 1x32 PLC splitter feem ntau qhia txog qhov sib xws tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.5 dB. Yog tias koj xav tias txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj zoo ib yam koj yuav nyob rau hauv - nyiaj txiag qhov phem tshaj plaws.
Rov qab poob- ntau npaum li cas lub teeb rov qab. Ib qho parameter cais los ntawm qhov poob, tau piav qhia hauv pebInsertion poob vs rov poob phau ntawv qhia.

Hom Insertion poob ntawm 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, thiab 1x32 Splitters

Cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib cais nrog qhov tseeb tshaj qhov poob rau SC/UPC-tawm PLC splitters. Lawv yognpaj cov ntaub ntawv siv xwb; qhov tseeb qhov siab tshaj qhov poob rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb koj yuav yog dab tsi tswj kev lees paub.

1x2- zoo tagnrho 3.0 dB, feem ntau max 3.6–4.0 dB. Siv rau kab kais dej thiab me me - kev tiv thaiv ceg.
1x4- zoo tagnrho 6.0 dB, feem ntau max 7.0–7.4 dB. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me thiab FTTB risers.
1x8- zoo tagnrho 9.0 dB, feem ntau max 10.0–10.5 dB. Workhorse rau FTTH nkag mus kaw.
1x16- zoo tagnrho 12.0 dB, feem ntau max 13.0–13.7 dB. High -ntaus vaj tse faib.
1x32- zoo tagnrho 15.0 dB, feem ntau max 16.5–17.5 dB. Txheem rau GPON aggregation; nruj pob nyiaj siv.
1x64- zoo tagnrho 18.0 dB, feem ntau max 20.0–21.0 dB. XGS-PON lossis Class C+ optics xav tau.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov teev max yog qhov poob ntau ntxiv ntxiv rau qhov nyiaj pub dawb. Cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov sim txhua yam khoom siv tiv thaiv IEC 61753-1 / IEC 61753-031 kev ua haujlwm pawg - thaum sib piv cov ntaub ntawv, xyuas seb cov specs hais txog qhov tsim nyogIEC 61753 tus qauv xeem.

Splitter insertion loss comparison

Yuav ua li cas xam Optical Splitter Insertion Poob

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws phua poob rau qhov sib npaug N-txoj kev splitter yog:

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws faib poob (dB)=10 × log₁₀(N)

Rau qhov tsis sib xws, qhov poob ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj yog nyob ntawm nws feem ntawm lub zog:

Chaw nres nkoj poob (dB)=−10 × log₁₀(P_{chaw nres nkoj} / P_hauv)

Yog li 90:10 tsis sib npaug splitter xa tawm kwv yees li 0.46 dB zoo tagnrho poob ntawm 90% chaw nres nkoj thiab 10.0 dB zoo tagnrho poob ntawm 10% chaw nres nkoj, ua ntej poob ntau ntxiv.

Kom tau txais tus lej tiag tiag rau kev tsim, ntxiv qhov poob ntau dhau:

Kev kwv yees poob poob=zoo tagnrho phua poob + poob ntau dhau

Tab sis rau cov peev nyiaj sib txuas tiag tiag, tsis txhob kwv yees - nyeem qhov siab tshaj qhov nkag los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv thiab siv qhov ntawd.

Piv txwv ua haujlwm: GPON Power Budget Nrog 1x32 Splitter

Xav txog ib qho kev xa tawm GPON raws li ITU-T G.984 Class B+ optics:

OLT tso tawm fais fab (kem qis, 1490 nm): +3.0 dBm (tsawg kawg)
ONT receiver rhiab heev: -27.0 dBm
Tag nrho cov peev nyiaj muaj: 30.0 dB

Qhov txuas muaj 8 km ntawm ib qho -hom feeder fiber ntau, 1x32 PLC splitter ntawm FDH, 200 m ntawm kev faib tawm thiab xaum fiber ntau, plaub SC / APC connector khub, thiab ob fusion splices.

Loss accumulation:

Feeder fiber ntau, 8.0 km × 0.35 dB / km @ 1490 nm=2.8 dB
Kev faib tawm + poob fiber ntau, 0.2 km × 0.35 dB / km=0.07 dB
1x32 PLC splitter, max insertion poob=17.0 dB
Connectors, 4 × 0.3 dB=1.2 dB
Fusion splices, 2 × 0.1 dB=0.2 dB
Engineering margin=3.0 dB

Tag nrho qhov txuas poob=2.8 + 0.07 + 17.0 + 1.2 + 0.2 + 3.0 =24.3dB ib

Muaj pob nyiaj siv 30.0 dB rho tawm tau noj 24.3 dB tawm 5.7 dB ntawm lub taub hau - qhov txuas hla nrog cov npoo zoo. Yog hais tias lub feeder yog 15 km es tsis txhob 8 km, tib configuration yuav poob lwm 2.5 dB; tseem dhau, tab sis nrog rau engineering margin yuav luag halved. Tuav lub splitter rau 1x64 (max 21 dB) thiab cov peev nyiaj poob qis los ntawm qhov ntxiv 4 dB - ntawm qhov taw tes ntawd Chav Kawm C + OLT (35 dB peev nyiaj) lossis XGS-PON optics tsim nyog.

GPON power budget with splitter

Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Txoj Cai Split Ratio

Xaiv qhov sib cais los ntawm cov neeg siv suav ib leeg yog qhov ua rau feem ntau ntawm PON commissioning ua tsis tiav. Siv cov kab lus hauv qab no hloov pauv.

Paub meej tias PON Class thiab Total Budget

Saib cov chav kawm kho qhov muag ntawm koj OLT thiab ONT modules. Feem ntau GPON chav kawm los ntawmITU-T G.984.2yog:

Chav Kawm B +: 28 dB pob nyiaj siv
Chav Kawm C +: 32 dB pob nyiaj siv
Chav Kawm C ++: 35 dB pob nyiaj siv

XGS-PON N1 thiab N2 chav kawm feem ntau muab 29 dB thiab 31 dB feem. Cov chav kawm PON yog lub qab nthab nyuaj - lub splitter tsis tuaj yeem haus ntau tshaj li pob nyiaj rho tawm txhua yam.

Kwv yees Fiber, txuas, thiab Splice poob

Siv 0.35 dB / km ntawm 1490 nm thiab 0.22 dB / km ntawm 1550 nm rau ib zaug - hom fiber ntau; 0.3 dB rau ib khub sib txuas rau UPC, 0.5 dB rau APC; 0.05-0.1 dB rau fusion splice. suav txhua yam ntawm txoj hauv kev los ntawm OLT mus rau ONT, tsis yog qhov deb ntawm cov xov xwm.

Nyeem Qhov Kev Txhaum Loj Tshaj Plaws Los Ntawm Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Siv tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, tsis raug. Ntxiv cov nyiaj pub dawb sib xws yog tias koj tus qauv tsim yuav tsum tau lav qhov chaw nres nkoj phem tshaj - qhov no tseem ceeb rau cov chaw faib nruab nrab uas pab cov neeg nyob deb.

Reserve Engineering Margin

2-3 dB yog tus qauv rau FTTH. Qhov no suav nrog kev laus fiber ntau, kho splices ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm network lub neej, kev sib kis kab mob sib kis, thiab qhov kub thiab txias -vim hloov pauv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam kev pabcuam sab nraum zoov feem ntau mus siab dua.

Sib piv 1x8, 1x16, thiab 1x32 Sab los ntawm Sab

1x8- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: ntev- ncav cuag FTTH, ntau- theem cascades, nruj pob nyiaj siv, kho- txoj hauv kev yooj yim. Risk: txo qis tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj fiber ntau, tus nqi siab dua rau ib tus neeg siv khoom. Zam thaum: koj xav tau cov neeg siv khoom siab ceev ntawm OLT chaw nres nkoj.
1x16- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: sib npaug suburban FTTH, nruab nrab-ntau qhov nrug, ob-theem architectures (1x4 + 1x4 cascade). Risk: tawm cov npoo tsis pub dhau yog tias lub feeder ntev los yog OLT yog Class B+. Zam thaum: sib sau ua ke nrog cov khoom sib txuas thawb cov peev nyiaj dhau los 23 dB.
1x32- Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau: kev xa tawm hauv nroog ntom ntom nrog kev ua haujlwm luv luv, Chav C + optics, thiab kev sib cais hauv nruab nrab hauv FDH. Risk: nruj heev npoo; ib qho txuas ntxiv lossis splice tuaj yeem thawb qhov chaw nres nkoj phem tshaj tawm ntawm spec. Zam thaum: feeders tshaj 12 km ntawm Class B +, los yog thaum lub architecture xav tau cascading.

PLC vs FBT Splitter: Koj Yuav Tsum Siv Dab Tsi?

Rau qhov chaw nres nkoj suav ntawm 1x8 thiab siab dua, PLC tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv tiag tiag. Lub PLC nti muab cov kev sib txuas ncaj nraim hla 1260-1650 nm, uas txhais tau hais tias tib lub splitter ua haujlwm rau qis qis 1490/1577 nm, nce 1310 nm, thiab 1550 nm RF video overlay. FBT poob nws txawv nrog lub wavelength thiab cov cuab yeej yuav tsum raug txiav txim rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm band.

FBT tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv peb qhov xwm txheej: qis- suav qhov sib cais (1x2, 1x4) qhov twg tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb, ib qho - daim ntawv thov wavelength, thiab qhov sib npaug sib npaug uas PLC tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim. Rau kev sib piv ua haujlwm ntawm qhov poob sib txawv sib txawv hauv cov khoom sib txuas-hnyav piv rau splitter-hnyav txuas, saib peb txoj kev kho dav dav ntawmkev poob qis hauv fiber ntau.

Feem ntau yuam kev uas ua rau thaj chaw ua tsis tiav

Tsim los tiv thaiv kev nkag tsis zoo.Hom yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntau lawm. Kev lees txais yuav tsum siv tus nqi siab tshaj plaws los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Tsis quav ntsej qhov sib xws ntawm siab - suav splitters.A 1x32 nrog 1.5 dB uniformity txhais tau tias qhov chaw nres nkoj phem tshaj yog 1.5 dB phem tshaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim OTDR rau ib qho ONT yog ciam teb, kev sib koom ua ke feem ntau yog qhov txawv txav uas ploj lawm.
Tsis nco qab cov nyiaj siv txuas txuas.Ib qho kev sib txuas FTTH ib txwm muaj 4-6 khub ntawm OLT thiab ONT. Ntawm 0.3 dB txhua qhov uas nce mus txog 1.8 dB - ntau tshaj li ib kilometer fiber ntau.
Kho 1x32 raws li kev hloov kho dawb los ntawm 1x16.Qhov ntxiv 3 dB ntawm kev sib faib poob noj feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog hais tias qhov txuas yog noj qab nyob zoo ntawm 1x16 nrog 2 dB rau spare, nws yuav ua tsis tau ntawm 1x32.
Ua haujlwm zero engineering margin.Ib qhov txuas uas dhau los ntawm 0.5 dB nyob rau ib hnub yuav ua tsis tiav tom qab thawj zaug kho splice lossis txuas txuas tu lub voj voog.

Rau kev kho qhov muag dav dav - cov ntsiab lus nyiaj txiag thoob plaws FTTH tsim, qhovFTTH network tsim kev taug kevnpog feeder, faib, thiab poob seem hauv ib ntus.

FAQ

Q: Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv 1x64 splitter ntawm tus qauv GPON?

A: Tsuas yog OLT thiab ONT optics yog Class C + (32 dB) lossis zoo dua thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm feeder yog luv. Ib qho 1x64 PLC splitter muaj kwv yees li 21 dB ntawm qhov siab tshaj qhov poob, uas tawm txog 11 dB rau fiber ntau, txuas, splices, thiab cov npoo ua ke. Ntawm Class B + optics qhov no yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo rau txhua yam dhau li ob peb puas meters ntawm kev faib tawm.

Q: Kuv puas yuav tsum xam qhov poob ntawm qhov sib cais siv qhov zoo tshaj plaws lossis qhov kev poob siab tshaj plaws?

A: Ib txwm siv qhov siab tshaj plaws los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov kawg tsim thiab rau kev lees paub. Tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws (10 × log10(N)) yog qhov zoo rau kev kuaj xyuas ua ntej, tab sis nws tshem tawm qhov poob, qhov sib xws, thiab kev sib txuas siab ntev.

Q: Puas yog 1x32 splitter ib txwm phem dua 1x16?

A: Los ntawm ib qho -port poob kev xav, yog - 1x32 muaj kwv yees li 3 dB poob ntau dua li 1x16. Tab sis "phem" nyob ntawm lub architecture. Ib qho 1x32 hauv ib lub hauv paus FDH feem ntau zoo dua li cascaded 1x4 ntxiv rau yim 1x4 xa mus, vim tias txoj hauv kev cascaded ntxiv cov khub txuas ntawm txhua theem. Sib piv tag nrho qhov txuas, tsis yog lub splitter xwb.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib cais thiab qhov poob qis?

A: Split ratio yog yuav ua li cas lub zog input muab faib nyob rau hauv cov zis ports. Insertion poob yog ntau npaum li cas lub zog poob ntawm cov tswv yim mus rau qhov chaw tso zis tshwj xeeb. Qhov thib ob yog txuas: qhov sib cais ntau dua ua rau qhov qis dua qhov qis dua.

Q: Puas yog qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv nrog wavelength?

A: Rau PON-qib PLC splitter qhov txawv ntawm 1260–1650 nm yog me me, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 0.3–0.5 dB, thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov phem tshaj plaws. Rau FBT splitters lub wavelength dependence muaj zog ntau, yog vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tau txiav txim rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev khiav hauj lwm band.

Q: Dab tsi nkag poob yuav tsum tau ib qho tshiab 1x8 splitter ntsuas?

A: Ib txwm 1x8 PLC splitter ntsuas nyob ib ncig ntawm 9.5-10.0 dB ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 10.5 dB. Yog tias qhov chaw nres nkoj nyeem siab tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub splitter lossis ib qho ntawm nws cov connectors yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas.

Cov ntsiab lus

Split ratio teeb tsa lub zog faib thoob plaws PON; insertion poob yog tus lej tiag tiag uas yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau hauv cov nyiaj siv txuas. Xaiv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rov qab los ntawm PON cov peev nyiaj hauv chav kawm, rho tawm fiber ntau, txuas, sib txuas, thiab kev sib koom ua ke, thiab siv qhov siab tshaj qhov poob los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - tsis yog qhov zoo tagnrho, tsis yog tus qauv - kom siv tau koj qhov kev xaiv splitter. Thaum tus piv txwv ua haujlwm qhia tau hais tias txawm tias 1 dB ntawm cov npoo ploj ntawm 1x32, qhov ntawd yog lub teeb liab kom rov qab mus rau 1x16 es tsis tso siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws - cov lej.

Ua ntej xa mus, thov daim ntawv qhia tseeb rau cov khoom sib cais uas koj tab tom yuav, txheeb xyuas nws tawm tsam IEC kev ua haujlwm qeb hais txog hauv daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv, thiab rov-khiav cov peev nyiaj nrog qhov tshaj tawm tshaj tawm. Ob peb feeb uas yuav siv sij hawm yog dab tsi cais lub network uas dhau qhov kev lees paub los ntawm ib qho uas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua -engineered tom qab thawj qhov kev tsis txaus siab.