Ib qho 10G SFP + module yog compact, kub -swappable transceiver uas xa 10 Gigabit Ethernet kev sib txuas hauv cov keyboards, routers, servers, thiab chaw cia khoom. SFP + form factor, txhais los ntawm tusSFF-8431 Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Ntau Yam, tam sim no yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws 10GbE interface hauv cov tes hauj lwm ntau lawm. Nws hloov cov laus, cov qauv loj dua li XENPAK thiab XFP, thiab tseem tseem nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw nkag cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, kev sib txuas cov pob txha, thiab cov chaw cia khoom - txawm tias 25G thiab 100G nce hauv av ntawm qib siab dua.
Tab sis "10G SFP +" tsis yog ib yam khoom. Tib qhov SFP + qhov tuaj yeem lees txais luv luv -ntau hom multimode optic, 10 km ib zaug -mode transceiver, ncaj qha- txuas tooj liab cable, lossis RJ45 tooj liab module - txhua qhov sib txawv heev, kev xav tau cabling, thiab cov nqi profile. Xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm module tuaj yeem txhais tau tias kev sib txuas tsis ua haujlwm, khib nyiab cabling peev, lossis kev tsis lees paub kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov. Cov lus qhia no taug kev los ntawm 10G SFP + pawg loj, piav qhia yuav ua li cas phim txhua tus mus rau qhov kev xa tawm tiag tiag, thiab muab cov txheej txheem kev txiav txim siab koj tuaj yeem thov ua ntej xaj xaj.
Hom Lub Npe ntawm 10G SFP + Modules
10GBASE-SR: Qhov Default for Short Multimode Links
10GBASE-SR siv 850 nm VCSEL laser hla ntau hom fiber ntau. Raws li covCisco 10GBASE SFP + Modules data sheet, SR txhawb nqa txog li 300 m ntawm OM3 fiber ntau thiab 400 m ntawm OM4 fiber ntau. Rau feem ntau hauv -chav, hauv - kab, thiab intra- tsim cov ntaub ntawv chaw txuas, SR yog qhov pib. Yog tias koj qhov chaw tsim kho twb muaj OM3 lossis OM4 multimode cabling nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, SR feem ntau yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab tus nqi ntau tshaj - kev xaiv zoo.
Hauv kev xa tawm ib txwm - hais tias, txuas lub server mus rau sab saum toj - ntawm - khib hloov nrog 15 mfiber ntau thaj qaum- SR ua haujlwm nrog cov npoo kom tsis txhob muaj. Nws dhau los ua qhov tsis haum tsuas yog thaum koj qhov kev sib txuas deb tshaj li multimode ncav cuag lossis thaum koj qhov kev teeb tsa fiber ntau yog tib hom - hom.
10GBASE-LRM: Txoj Cai Lij Choj Multimode Option
10GBASE-LRM ua haujlwm ntawm 1310 nm thiab yog tsim los rau cov laus FDDI- qib lossis OM1/OM2 multimode fiber ntau, ncav cuag li 220 m. LRM xav tau hom-txheej kho cov hlua khi ntawm qee yam khoom qub qub, uas ntxiv cov nqi thiab qhov nyuaj. Rau kev tsim tshiab, SR ntawm OM3 / OM4 yuav luag txhua qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. LRM muaj feem ntau rau cov cheeb tsam uas hloov legacy multimode fiber ntau tsis siv tau.
10GBASE-LR thiab 10GBASE-ER: Ib leeg-Mode Fiber rau Ntev Ntev
Thaum koj qhov link khiav dhauib leeg - hom fiber ntau (SMF), ob txoj kev xaiv yog LR (Long Reach) thiab ER (Ntxiv mus cuag). LR txhawb nqa txog li 10 km ntawm tus qauv G.652 ib leeg- hom fiber ntau siv 1310 nm laser. ER txuas mus rau 40 km ntawm 1550 nm. Ob leeg tau txhais nyob rau hauv tus qauv IEEE 802.3ae.
LR yog tus neeg ua haujlwm rau kev sib tshuam - tsev kawm ntawv txuas, kev sib txuas metro hauv qab 10 km, thiab txhua qhov kev xa tawm uas tsis muaj fiber ntau ntau. ER ua haujlwm ntev dua metro lossis inter- thaj chaw thaj tsam. Ib daim ntawv qhia siv tau: rau ib qho luv luv - hom kev sib txuas (hauv qab ob peb mais), ER thiab txawm tias LR yuav xav tau inline optical attenuators kom tsis txhob overloading lub receiver. Cisco cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov kev xav tau ntawm attenuator rau ER txuas luv dua 20 km - ib qho kev nthuav dav uas yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas thaum npaj.
10GBASE-ZR: Ntxiv Ib Leeg-Mode Reach (Tsis yog-Standard)
ZR modules tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 70-80 km ntawm ib zaug - hom fiber ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, 10GBASE-ZR tsis yog ib feem ntawm tus qauv IEEE 802.3ae. Nws tsuas yog tsim los rau cov neeg muag khoom- cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tsis ua rau ZR siv tsis tau, tab sis nws txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas kev sib cuam tshuam kom zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw muag khoom sib xyaw. Kho ZR txuas raws li kev sib txuas ua ke uas xav tau ib tus neeg txuas- kev siv nyiaj siv tau, tsis yog ib qho ntsaws- thiab- ua si ncua deb ntawm LR lossis ER.
BiDi SFP +: Xa thiab tau txais ntawm ib leeg Fiber Strand
BiDi (bidirectional) SFP + modulessiv wavelength- faib multiplexing xa thiab tau txais kev khiav tsheb hla ib leeg fiber ntau es tsis yog ib khub duplex. Cov kev teeb tsa muaj xws li 10 km thiab 40 km ib leeg - fiber ntau variants. BiDi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum suav fiber ntau txwv - piv txwv li, yog tias koj tsuas muaj ib qho tsaus nti fiber ntau muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub tsev thiab rov ua dua yog tus nqi - txwv tsis pub.
BiDi modules yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib tw ua khub: ib qho kawg xa tawm ntawm ib lub wavelength thiab tau txais ntawm lwm qhov, thaum kawg qhov kawg ua qhov sib txawv. Qhov no yog qhov nthuav dav uas qee zaus ntes tau thawj zaug -lub sij hawm BiDi deployers tawm tus neeg saib xyuas.
DAC thiab AOC: Direct -Txuas Cables rau Txuas luv luv
Rau kev sib cuam tshuam luv luv - feem ntau nyob rau hauv tib lub khib lossis nruab nrab ntawm cov racks uas nyob ib sab - Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob (DAC) thiab Active Optical Cable (AOC) cov rooj sib txoos feem ntau yooj yim thiab pheej yig dua li cais SFP + transceivers ntxiv rau thaj qaum. Passive DAC (twinax) cables muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm 1 txog 5 meters. Active twinax thiab AOC cov rooj sib txoos txuas mus txog 7-10 meters.
Hauv kev xyaum, yog tias koj tus neeg rau zaub mov -rau- hloov qhov txuas qis dua 5 meters, passive DAC feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev xaiv los ntsuas. Nws rub lub hwj chim tsawg dua li qhov optical transceiver thiab qhia tsawg latency. AOC yog qhov tsim nyog xav txog thaum koj xav tau qhov hnyav thiab khoov- radius qhov zoo ntawm fiber ntau tab sis tseem xav tau ib qho ruaj khov - kev sib sau ua ke. Tsis yog DAC lossis AOC yog qhov zoo rau cov kev sib txuas uas yuav tsum tau kho dua tshiab, txij li cov cable thiab connector yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke.
10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP+: Copper Connectivity nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Raws li RJ4510GBASE-T SFP + modulescia koj txuas dhau tus qauv twisted -pair tooj liab cable. Qhov no suab zoo li ib txoj hauv kev hloov kho yooj yim, tab sis muaj qhov kev txwv qhov deb tseem ceeb. CovCisco SFP-10G-TX FAQqhia meej tias qhov module no txhawb nqa 10 Gbps ntawm qhov deb mus txog 30 meters ntawm Cat6a lossis zoo dua cabling. Tus paub 100-meter ncav cuag 10GBASE-T tsuas yog siv rau qis dua (100 Mbps / 1 Gbps) ntawm qhov module no.
RJ45 SFP + modules kuj siv ntau lub zog rau ib qhov chaw nres nkoj tshaj qhov muag SFP + transceivers (feem ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm 2.5 W ib module), uas tuaj yeem txwv koj pes tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv ib qho kev hloov. Ua ntej xaiv txoj kev no, paub meej tias ob qho tib si qhov tseeb cable ntev ntawm 10 Gbps thiab tus tswv platform lub zog pob nyiaj siv rau SFP + qhov.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv 10G SFP + Module los ntawm Kev Sib Tw thiab Hom Cable
Kauj Ruam 1: Txheeb xyuas Koj Hom Chaw Nres Nkoj thiab Platform Compatibility
Pib nrog lub hardware. Paub meej tias koj lub cuab yeej muaj SFP + chaw nres nkoj - tsis yog SFP, SFP28, lossis QSFP+. ThaumSFP + thiab SFP sib koom ib daim ntawv zoo sib xws, lawv tsis yog hluav taws xob zoo ib yam ntawm 10G ceev. Tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas tus neeg muag khoom lub transceiver compatibility matrix kom paub meej tias koj lub platform tshwj xeeb txhawb nqa qhov koj npaj yuav siv. Cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ua rau ua tsis tiav 10G kev xa tawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv thib peb - tog optics.
Kauj ruam 2: Txheeb xyuas koj cov kab txuas txuas
Koj cov kab hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau yog cov lim muaj zog tshaj plaws. Yog koj muajOM3 los yog OM4 multimode fiber ntau, SR yog qhov sib tw ntuj. Yog tias koj muaj ib qho - hom fiber ntau, LR lossis ER siv nyob ntawm qhov deb. Yog tias koj tsuas muaj tooj liab, ntsuas seb 10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP+ lossis DAC haum rau qhov ntev. Tsis txhob sim siv multimode optic ntawm ib zaug -mode fiber lossis vice versa - qhov txuas yuav tsis tuaj.
Kauj Ruam 3: Ntsuas qhov Qhov Txuas Txuas Qhov Ncauj
Ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab cable tiag, tsis yog qhov ncaj - kab nrug ntawm racks lossis cov tsev. Cable txoj kev mus los ntawm thaj panels, tais, thiab ntsug risers uas ntxiv ntev. Ib txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm 10-meter deb ntawm ob lub racks tuaj yeem yooj yim dhau los ua 15-20 meters ntawm qhov tseeb cable. Tau txais qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tuaj yeem thawb koj qhov txuas sab nraum lub module qhov kev txhawb nqa.
Kauj Ruam 4: Sib piv cov qauv rau koj qhov xwm txheej
Thaum koj paub qhov chaw nres nkoj hom, hom cable, thiab qhov deb tiag tiag, pawg module txoj cai feem ntau ua kom pom tseeb. Siv cov kev xaiv matrix hauv qab no kom paub meej tias koj xaiv.
Kauj Ruam 5: Ua kom muaj zog, thermal, thiab kev txwv nyiaj txiag
Qhov pheej yig tshaj module tsis yog ib txwm siv pheej yig tshaj. Ib tug passive DAC cable raug nqi tsawg dua ib qho SR transceiver ntxiv rau ob thaj cords, tab sis tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm luv luv. Ib qho RJ45 SFP + module zam kev yuav cov fiber ntau tab sis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub zog txwv ntawm koj qhov hloov. Tib -hom LR tus nqi ntau dua ib qhov chaw nres nkoj ntau dua li multimode SR, tab sis yog tias koj lub tsev twb muaj ib qho - hom khiav, siv LR zam kev rub cov fiber ntau tshiab. Ib txwm ntsuas tag nrho cov nqi xa tawm, tsis yog tus nqi module xwb.
10G SFP + Module Xaiv Matrix
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau txhua 10G SFP + module hom. Siv nws ua ib qho kev siv ceev thaum txo koj cov kev xaiv.
| Hom Module | Nruab nrab | Lub wavelength | Hom Max Distance | Zoo tshaj rau | Kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10GBASE-SR | Multimode fiber ntau (OM3 / OM4) | 850nm ua | 300m (OM3) / 400m (OM4) | Data center, hauv -building links | Feem ntau thiab raug nqi - kev xaiv kho qhov muag zoo rau kev khiav luv |
| 10GBASE-LRM | Legacy multimode (OM1 / OM2 / FDDI) | 1310nm ua | 220 m | Txoj cai fiber ntau rov siv dua | Yuav tsum muaj hom-kho cov hlua khi ntawm qee hom fiber ntau |
| 10GBASE-LR | Tib - hom fiber ntau (G.652) | 1310nm ua | 10km ua | Tsev kawm ntawv, inter- tsev txuas | Attenuator tej zaum yuav xav tau rau luv luv SMF txuas |
| 10GBASE-ER | Tib - hom fiber ntau (G.652) | 1 550nm | 40km ua | Metro, ntev lub tsev kawm ntawv spans | Attenuator xav tau rau kev sib txuas hauv qab 20 km |
| 10GBASE-ZR | Tib - hom fiber ntau (G.652) | 1 550nm | ~ 70-80 km | Ntev -chaw metro txuas | Tsis yog ib feem ntawm IEEE 802.3ae; kho raws li engineered link |
| BiDi SFP + | Ib leeg fiber ntau | Varies (paired wavelengths) | 10-40 km ib | Fiber- txoj kev txwv | Yuav tsum xa tawm hauv qhov sib tw TX/RX wavelength khub |
| SFP + DAC (passive) | Twinax tooj | N/A | 1–5 m | Tib yam - khib lossis nyob ib sab - khib txuas | Tus nqi qis tshaj, qis zog, qis tshaj latency rau luv luv txuas |
| SFP + DAC (active) / AOC | Twinax tooj liab / optical | N / A / 850nm | 7–10 m | Short inter-rack links | Kev sib dhos ruaj khov - tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho |
| 10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP+ | Cat6a / Cat7 tooj liab | N/A | 30m ntawm 10 Gbps | Copper rov siv dua, sib xyaw ib puag ncig | Siab zog (~ 2.5 W); 100 m tsuas yog ntawm 1G lossis qis dua |
10GBASE-T vs DAC vs Fiber Optics: Uas Zoo dua?
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus nug sib piv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev xa tawm 10G, thiab cov lus teb yog nyob ntawm qhov txuas txuas thiab cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm.
Xaiv DACthaum qhov txuas qis dua 5 meters thiab koj xav tau qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, qis tshaj - nqi, qis tshaj - fais fab txuas. Ib tug passive twinax cable nruab nrab ntawm ib tug neeg rau zaub mov thiab ib tug saum toj kawg nkaus - ntawm - khib hloov yog ib qho nyuaj rau tuav rau tus nqi thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm no ntau yam.
Xaiv AOCthaum koj xav tau ib qho luv luv - qhov sib dhos ruaj khov (txog li 10 m) tab sis nyiam cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag rau qhov hnyav, khoov lub vojvoog, lossis vim li cas electromagnetic cuam tshuam.
Xaiv 10GBASE-SR lossis LR fiber ntau opticsthaum koj xav tau pluggable yooj (swap transceivers yam tsis tau hloov cov cables), thaum txuas qhov deb tshaj 10 meters, los yog thaum koj infrastructure twb fiber ntau-raws li. Fiber optics kuj scale ntau lawm yog tias koj tom qab hloov mus rau 25G lossis siab dua - tib yamtib- hom lossis multimode fiber ntaufeem ntau tuaj yeem txhawb nqa transceivers sai dua.
Xaiv 10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP+thaum koj xav tau txuas mus rau ib lub cuab yeej uas tsuas muaj RJ45 cov chaw nres nkoj, lossis thaum rov siv cov tooj liab uas twb muaj lawm yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo - tab sis tsuas yog tom qab lees paub qhov kev txwv 30-meter nrug ntawm 10 Gbps.
Feem ntau 10G SFP + xaiv yuam kev kom zam
Tsis quav ntsej hom fiber ntau.Xaiv SR rau ib qhov txuas uas khiav ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, lossis LR rau ntau hom, yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Hom fiber ntau thiab optic yuav tsum sib phim.
Hla qhov kev kuaj xyuas kev sib raug zoo.Tsis yog txhua txhua 10G SFP + module tau txais los ntawm txhua qhov hloov pauv. Vendor platforms tswj kev sib raug zoo matrices rau ib qho laj thawj - ib txwm txheeb xyuas ua ntej xaj. Hauv kev sib xyaw- chaw muag khoom ib puag ncig, thib peb- tog coded optics yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa platform lossis ib qhokev pabcuam tsis txhawb nqa -transceiverlus txib.
Piv txwv tias txhua qhov txuas luv luv xav tau SR.Rau kev sib txuas hauv qab 5 meters, DAC feem ntau yog yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua ib khub ntawm SR transceivers ntxiv rau thaj qaum. Tsis txhob ua rau qhov muag pom thaum tooj liab ncaj qha - txuas yog qhov zoo dua.
Piv txwv tias 10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP+ nce mus txog 100 meters ntawm 10G.Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, cov lus siv rau cov qauv xws li Cisco SFP-10G-TX yog 30 meters ntawm 10 Gbps. Daim duab 100-meter tsuas siv tau ntawm 1 Gbps lossis qis dua.
Kho ZR li ntsaws-thiab-play.Vim tias 10GBASE-ZR tsis yog ib feem ntawm IEEE tus qauv, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom tsis tau lees paub. Txhua ZR kev xa tawm yuav tsum raug lees paub raws li kev sib txuas ua ke nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov peev nyiaj kho qhov muag kom raug.
Ua ntej- Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Yuav Khoom
Ua ntej xaj ib qho 10G SFP + module, taug kev los ntawm cov kauj ruam pov thawj no:
- Hom chaw nres nkoj paub tseeb:Cov cuab yeej muaj SFP + chaw nres nkoj (tsis yog SFP, SFP28, lossis QSFP +).
- Kev txhawb nqa platform tau txheeb xyuas:Qhov tshwj xeeb module ib feem naj npawb tshwm nyob rau hauv tus neeg muag khoom lub transceiver compatibility matrix rau koj hloov/router/NIC qauv thiab software version.
- Fiber lossis cable hom tau txheeb xyuas:Koj paub seb koj lub cabling yog OM3 / OM4 multimode, G.652 ib leeg -hom, twinax tooj liab, lossis Cat6a / Cat7 twisted khub.
- Qhov deb ntsuas:Koj tau ntsuas qhov tseeb cable- txoj kev deb, tsis yog qhov ncaj - kab nrug.
- Lub zog pob nyiaj tau txheeb xyuas:Rau RJ45 SFP + lossis siab - kev xa tawm ceev, koj tau lees tias qhov hloov pauv tuaj yeem muab lub zog txaus rau txhua qhov SFP + cov neeg siv.
- Cov kev xav tau ntawm attenuator tau sau tseg:Rau ER lossis ZR ntawm ib qho luv luv - hom kev sib txuas, koj tau kuaj xyuas seb puas xav tau tus attenuator inline.
- Thib peb- tog coding paub tseeb:Yog tias siv tsis yog -OEM optics, koj tau txheeb xyuas tias lub module coding phim lub tswv yim platform tus neeg muag khoom ID lossis lub platform lees txais thib peb - tog transceivers.
Cov lus nug nquag
Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv 10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP + module rau 100-meter 10 Gbps txuas?
Tsis yog. Feem ntau 10GBASE-T SFP + modules, suav nrog cov lus hais dav dav Cisco SFP-10G-T-X, txhawb 10 Gbps tsuas yog mus txog 30 meters ntawm Cat6a lossis Cat7 cabling. Qhov 100-meter ncav cuag siv ntawm 1 Gbps lossis 100 Mbps. Yog tias koj xav tau 10 Gbps tshaj 100 meters ntawm tooj liab, koj yuav xav tau qhov hloov pauv lossis NIC nrog ib txwm muaj 10GBASE-T chaw nres nkoj raws li IEEE 802.3an, tsis yog SFP + module.
Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum xaiv DAC tshaj SR?
Xaiv DAC thaum qhov kev sib txuas nrug qis dua 5 meters (passive) lossis qis dua 10 meters (active). DAC tus nqi tsawg dua, rub lub zog tsawg dua, thiab nthuav qhia tsawg dua latency dua li ib khub ntawm SR transceivers nrog thaj qaum. SR dhau los ua qhov kev xaiv zoo dua thaum qhov txuas tshaj DAC ntau lossis thaum koj xav tau qhov hloov pauv hloov qhov ntev ntawm cable yam tsis tau hloov lub transceiver.
Puas yog 10GBASE-ZR tus qauv IEEE interface?
Tsis yog. 10GBASE-ZR tsis yog txhais hauv IEEE 802.3ae. Nws yog tsim los rau cov neeg muag khoom- cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb (Cisco thiab lwm tus tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv ZR). ZR modules feem ntau tsom kwv yees li ntawm 70–80 km ntawm ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, tab sis kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv 'ZR kev siv yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas ntawm rooj plaub-los ntawm- rooj plaub.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ib qho -hom thiab multimode SFP + modules?
Tib -hom SFP + modules (LR, ER, ZR) siv nqaim -core fiber (feem ntau 9 µm) thiab ncav cuag ntev dua - ntawm 10 km txog 80 km. Multimode SFP + modules (SR, LRM) siv dav dua -cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau (50 µm rau OM3/OM4) thiab raug txwv rau qhov luv luv, feem ntau hauv qab 400 m. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv ib qho -mode optic ntawm multimode fiber lossis rov ua dua. Rau kev sib piv sib sib zog nqus, saib phau ntawv qhia noib -mode SFP vs multimode SFP.
Kuv yuav kuaj xyuas li cas yog tias SFP + module tau sib haum nrog kuv qhov kev hloov?
Xyuas cov transceiver compatibility matrix luam tawm los ntawm koj tus neeg muag khoom hloov pauv. Rau Cisco, qhov no yog qhovCisco Transceiver Module Group (TMG) Compatibility Matrix. Rau lwm tus neeg muag khoom, nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws ntawm lawv qhov chaw txhawb nqa. Lub matrix teev txhua qhov kev txhawb nqa transceiver ib feem ntawm lub platform qauv thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus software version. Yog tias koj tab tom siv thib peb -tog optics, paub meej tias qhov module tus neeg muag khoom coding zoo li lub platform xav tau, lossis tias lub platform muaj qhov kev xaiv los lees txais tsis yog -OEM transceivers.
